How to diagnose failed Home Assistant?

Home Assistant running on Pi 4.

Worked fine for years.

Then I upgraded to the latest HAOS and it broke. The symptoms were that it would appear to run normally for a few minutes (maybe as long as ten minutes?) and then the UI would be unresponsive.

I put the previous version of HAOS onto the SSD and restored from a backup and it then worked normally.

Until I allowed HA core to update. It then went into the same state - it runs for a few minutes after restarting and then stops responding.

I then told it to back up to the previous HA core version. This didn’t cause it to start working again.

Any ideas as to what to look at, how to diagnose, given the very few minutes I’ve got between HA booting and stopping working each time I power cycle it?

You might need to update the pi’s bootloader. See: RPi 4B: Complete USB subsystem failure after update to HAOS 17.2 · Issue #4627 · home-assistant/operating-system · GitHub

Why didn’t you continue on your previous post so that others have context & we avoid repeating the same suggestions?

Careful there. Pi4s running with an SSD shouldn’t be updated to the latest eeprom. Can't update firmware Raspberrypi 4 booted from SSD - #7 by ShadowFist

'Cos the problem is no longer limited to the HAOS upgrade.

My question is now more general. It’s less to do with a particular version of HAOS and more like “are there any logs or anything that I could look at to help suss out a dead HA?”

Are you saying that you still haven’t looked in your logs, HA’s And Your APPs(add-ons) ?
I must admit that The Docs is not “prioritizing” the importance of “knowing” and checking Logs
But it’ might be explained somewhere in the new enhanced Docs, thou not quit “visible” as i.e first step in troubleshooting efforts. … i wonder who actually write these Docs
Documentation - Home Assistant.
… On the other hand, HA has a Click/Touch UI, and i can’t imagine my self leaving Any Tabs, Site or “Corner” Unexploited … for years
Logger - Home Assistant .
PS: The Docs follows the same “pattern” as HA UI, so pay attention to left&right.
And Corners , And the famous 3-Dots @ random places in HA-UI