I2C bus failed on multiple devices

Yes I know 8266 don’t have BT. You introduced that you were using 8266 after the original post but included only the code for ESP32. Please understand it’s confusing/frustrating when you add in things like this afterwards.
Again you said you were going to try without BLE tracked. You didn’t make it clear if you removed bluetooth proxy lines as well. I just assumed you did.
Your log suggests Ic2 is scanning but didn’t find your BME280.
First I would say is physically check that they are in electrical connection with the ESP32 and the BME680. Loose wiring/dry solder joints are a very common problem.

Second then from the example in esphome as you are using 2 i2c devices set an id from each device.

# Example configuration entry
i2c:
  - id: bus_a
    sda: GPIOXX
    scl: GPIOXX
    scan: true
  - id: bus_b
    sda: GPIOXX
    scl: GPIOXX
    scan: true
# Sensors should be specified as follows
sensor:
  - platform: bme680
    i2c_id: bus_b
    address: 0x76
# ...

A problem I found from using BME280 that they would sometimes switch addresses and I had to solder a wire from VCC to SD0 to get the address 0x77. 280 could also change from I2c to SPI and you could prevent that by connecting CSB to VCC. Don’t know if the 680 suffer a similar problem.