Add the template to the brightness_pct option like this:
action:
- service: light.turn_on
data:
transition: 1
brightness_pct: >
{% set sr = today_at((state_attr('sun.sun', 'next_rising') | as_datetime | as_local).strftime('%H:%M')) %}
{% set pre_sunrise = sr - timedelta(minutes=30) %}
{% set post_sunrise = sr + timedelta(minutes=30) %}
{% set ss = today_at((state_attr('sun.sun', 'next_setting') | as_datetime | as_local).strftime('%H:%M')) %}
{% set pre_sunset = ss - timedelta(minutes=30) %}
{% set post_sunset = ss + timedelta(minutes=30) %}
{% set t = now() %}
{{ { pre_sunrise <= t < post_sunrise: 50 + ((t - pre_sunrise).seconds * 50/3600)|int(0),
post_sunrise <= t < pre_sunset: 100,
pre_sunset <= t < post_sunset: 100 - ((t - pre_sunset).seconds * 50/3600)|int(0)
}.get(true, 50) }}
EDIT
Correction. The template produces a value from 50 to 100 so it should be used with the brightness_pct option.