Local or cloud?

on hacs, I can easily tell if an integration is local or cloud based, but on native integrations, I am not sure. this has probably been asked a hundred times, but didn’t find an answer here or by googling. for instance on lutron caseta integration, does local push mean that it is locally controlled? is there a list anywhere that shows local only integrations? trying to have a cloudless smart home.

Local means it’s local. Cloud means it’s cloud

Local → on your network only.
Cloud → requires internet connection to some device server.
Push → device sends updates as soon as they happen.
Polled → HA asks for updates at a regular interval.

So best to worst:

Local push
Local polled
Cloud push
Cloud polled

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I knew it was a dumb question, so thanks for being gentle, lol.

It does get a bit more nuanced at times, though. For example, I have several devices, such as a thermostat, that operate locally (they work just fine if I cut off their internet access), but monitoring or controlling them through HA requires cloud access.

would you mind providing some examples of this? I am determined to make everything local only. I started looking at the lutron caseta integration and was shocked to see that even though it requires a proprietary hub, that with the pro version, it seems it is not cloud dependent.

I am still trying to figure out the age old question… is there any advantage to the lutron caseta pro bridge / hub over the consumer one I can get at local home improvement big box store? There are many posts about this, but I’m still confused.