You have installed a contrib node somewhere/sometime that has a dependency, ultimately, on @azure/[email protected]
This very old node demands Node.js as version 10,12,14,16 or 18 (it should have been written to ask for node: >=10). We are now well past v18. Everytime you try and do anything that uses npm, like update the palette, npm will check all dependencies and complain about the ‘bad engine’, and then stop.
As far as I remember (it was quite a while back) the finally discovered ‘best’ solution is to backup all the flows (carefully), remove Node-RED completely, and then reinstall from scratch.
https://community.home-assistant.io/t/node-red-problem-cant-update-or-install-palette-s/839821
Reinstallation should be accompanied by updating HA and the Node-RED Companion (integration) as well.
I don’t think the root cause of this was ever pinned down exactly, unless someone knows.