I’m glad it seemed to work for you! Unfortunately I cannot seem to make it work 
I feel like I have tried everything. Everything you noted I’ve tried and my current configuration looks like this:
(also doesn’t work when keeping mqtt empty)
[21:31:04] INFO: Preparing to start...
[21:31:04] INFO: Socat not enabled
[21:31:04] INFO: Zigbee Herdsman debug logging enabled
[21:31:05] INFO: Starting Zigbee2MQTT...
Zigbee2MQTT:debug 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Loaded state from file /config/zigbee2mqtt/state.json
Zigbee2MQTT:info 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Logging to console and directory: '/config/zigbee2mqtt/log/2024-02-13.21-31-06' filename: log.txt
Zigbee2MQTT:debug 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Removing old log directory '/config/zigbee2mqtt/log/2024-02-13.20-32-15'
Zigbee2MQTT:info 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Starting Zigbee2MQTT version 1.35.3 (commit #unknown)
Zigbee2MQTT:info 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Starting zigbee-herdsman (0.33.8)
Zigbee2MQTT:debug 2024-02-13 21:31:06: Using zigbee-herdsman with settings: '{"adapter":{"concurrent":null,"delay":null,"disableLED":false},"backupPath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/coordinator_backup.json","databaseBackupPath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/database.db.backup","databasePath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/database.db","network":{"channelList":[26],"extendedPanID":[59,141,204,150,41,194,170,223],"networkKey":"HIDDEN","panID":35917},"serialPort":{"baudRate":115200,"path":"/dev/serial/by-id/usb-dresden_elektronik_ConBee_III_DE03190138-if00-port0"}}'
2024-02-13T20:31:06.544Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter Failed to validate path: 'Error: spawn udevadm ENOENT'
2024-02-13T20:31:06.545Z zigbee-herdsman:controller:log Starting with options '{"network":{"networkKeyDistribute":false,"networkKey":[110,250,235,213,123,13,114,154,180,76,110,20,254,50,49,226],"panID":35917,"extendedPanID":[59,141,204,150,41,194,170,223],"channelList":[26]},"serialPort":{"baudRate":115200,"path":"/dev/serial/by-id/usb-dresden_elektronik_ConBee_III_DE03190138-if00-port0"},"databasePath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/database.db","databaseBackupPath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/database.db.backup","backupPath":"/config/zigbee2mqtt/coordinator_backup.json","adapter":{"disableLED":false,"concurrent":null,"delay":null}}'
2024-02-13T20:31:06.545Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:log Opening SerialPort with {"path":"/dev/serial/by-id/usb-dresden_elektronik_ConBee_III_DE03190138-if00-port0","baudRate":115200,"rtscts":false,"autoOpen":false}
2024-02-13T20:31:06.549Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:log Serialport opened
2024-02-13T20:31:06.550Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:SREQ --> SYS - ping - {"capabilities":1}
2024-02-13T20:31:06.551Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> frame [254,0,33,1,32]
2024-02-13T20:31:06.803Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:log Writing CC2530/CC2531 skip bootloader payload
2024-02-13T20:31:06.804Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> buffer [239]
2024-02-13T20:31:07.805Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:SREQ --> SYS - ping - {"capabilities":1}
2024-02-13T20:31:07.806Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> frame [254,0,33,1,32]
2024-02-13T20:31:08.057Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:log Skip bootloader for CC2652/CC1352
2024-02-13T20:31:08.513Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:SREQ --> SYS - ping - {"capabilities":1}
2024-02-13T20:31:08.513Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> frame [254,0,33,1,32]
2024-02-13T20:31:14.515Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:SREQ --> SYS - ping - {"capabilities":1}
2024-02-13T20:31:14.515Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> frame [254,0,33,1,32]
2024-02-13T20:31:20.522Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:znp:SREQ --> SYS - ping - {"capabilities":1}
2024-02-13T20:31:20.523Z zigbee-herdsman:adapter:zStack:unpi:writer --> frame [254,0,33,1,32]
Zigbee2MQTT:error 2024-02-13 21:31:26: Error while starting zigbee-herdsman
Zigbee2MQTT:error 2024-02-13 21:31:26: Failed to start zigbee
Zigbee2MQTT:error 2024-02-13 21:31:26: Check https://www.zigbee2mqtt.io/guide/installation/20_zigbee2mqtt-fails-to-start.html for possible solutions
Zigbee2MQTT:error 2024-02-13 21:31:26: Exiting...
Zigbee2MQTT:error 2024-02-13 21:31:26: Error: Failed to connect to the adapter (Error: SRSP - SYS - ping after 6000ms)
at ZStackAdapter.start (/app/node_modules/zigbee-herdsman/src/adapter/z-stack/adapter/zStackAdapter.ts:103:27)
at Controller.start (/app/node_modules/zigbee-herdsman/src/controller/controller.ts:132:29)
at Zigbee.start (/app/lib/zigbee.ts:60:27)
at Controller.start (/app/lib/controller.ts:109:27)
at start (/app/index.js:107:5)
I’ve also tried starting Zigbee2MQTT with my ZHA disabled, without luck.
UPDATE: adaper typo fixed to adapter 
Works now!