Not exactly what you are looking for, but the following code sample at least can dynamically show
- no badge if value = zero
- badge 1 to 9 if value between 1 to 9
- badge 9+ if value > 9
In my case, number of open doors as part of a Mushroom Template Card.

badge_icon: |
{% set number_open_doors=states("sensor.open_doors") |int %}
{% if number_open_doors > 9 %}
mdi:numeric-9-plus
{% elif number_open_doors > 0 and number_open_doors < 10 %}
mdi:numeric-{{number_open_doors}}
{% endif %}