My problem was the brltty package (this is indicated by the dmesg | grep tty listing). It prevents FDTI UART from mounting as /dev/ttyUSBx. I removed it with sudo apt-get remove brltty. After that I had a /dev/ttyUSB0 file in my file system. The /dev/serial/by-id too
ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 жов 14 02:58 /dev/ttyUSB0
After this patch, ZHA immediately shows the found port /dev/ttyUSB0 and indicates its type as USB Serial
