Home Assistant currently has a service called homeassistant.update_entity (documentation).
It can be used, in an automation, to update an entity’s status independently of the entity’s existing scan_interval.
For example, this automation checks the entity’s status every 5 seconds.
- alias: 'rainfall_update'
trigger:
- platform: time_pattern
seconds: '/5'
action:
- service: homeassistant.update_entity
entity_id: sensor.rainfall_rate