Since we’re running out of ideas, here’s what I found.
First, I had some difficulty getting BMP280 running, on a D1 Mini. It seems to want to physically power cycle - that is, it will vanish on a soft reboot. The only way I can be 100% sure it will come back up is to kill the power, wait a few seconds, and then bring it back. So if you are editing yamls and recompiling, relying on the soft reboot, that may be your issue.
Second, I’d like you to try on a different device. Perhaps you are using an original NodeMCU, perhaps not, but in my experience not all boards are manufactured equally well, and sometimes you just have a bad board.