Welcome!
I cannot say I a super expert on the type of TCPIP ‘pipes’ that a ESPHome device requires between itself and the Home Assistant server, however in my quick look at the documentation for the ‘wifi extender’ software you are running on the ESP32 in the middle, I see it being called a ‘NAT Router’. Any time you are traversing data packets via any type NAT device you are trading off some TCPIP functionality for ‘other’ features such as firewalling, private address use/translation and others. I wonder if some of this is blocking your traffic.
Have a look at this thread and possible answer:
Good hunting!