We don’t know as the feature to use esp32 devices as remote BT receivers has not been released.
The best source I know is the 2022.08 release party video as the main developer, bdraco (J. Nick Koston) discusses he has just this range issue and needs a remote repeater.
EDIT: 2022.09 announced ESPHome Bluetooth proxies
One again, I’d suggest watching the release video for lots of detail and demos of ESP32 acting as remote Bluetooth receivers.