ESPHome device can't connect after HA restart

You appear to have mucked up you mDNS cache then. You would be better to flash the device via USB, remove the use_address option.

It’s unclear from your post - is there any particular reason you are provisioning the wifi via AP/BLE - do you have multiple networks? Or have you replaced one network with a different SSID? Why not provide the SSID and password in the yaml - the ap: and captive_portal: config will still let you reconfigure the device if the network changes, including allowing you to wirelessly update the firmware with the new network credentials.