Resolved.
The developers on GitHub made it clear that this was a timing issue caused by the capacitance I added with ESD/surge protection devices and their tightening of the serial I/O timing to better comply with the 1-Wire spec. Though things orginally worked with my protection devices, they didn not work with the corrected timing in ESPHome 2022.3.1. Removing a Zener dioded and MOV fixed the problem. They also pointed out that when running 1-Wire over twisted pair, e.g. the CAT5 I used, that the data (DQ) line should be paired with a floating (unconnected) conductor while Vcc and Gnd should go on another pair. I had paired DQ with Gnd to reduce noise but that increased capacitance, slowing the timing.