Hello,
I have a Pi 3B with an SSD.
My solution was to flash the 12.4 image and restore the backup.
I tried using a better power supply, increasing the swap memory, and updating all the add-ons before the update, but everything failed. If the RPi 4 has the same issue, it seems to be a software problem.
So, I decided to stay on 12.4 and wait for a future fix.