Thanks for the hint!
There were only a couple of old entities wit issues. I solved them (removed), restarted MariaDB, restarted HA, but still the same errors 
I connected to the database with mysql, but somehow I do not have access???
MariaDB [(none)]> desc mysql.column_stats;
ERROR 1142 (42000): SELECT command denied to user 'homeassistant'@'localhost' for table 'column_stats'
MariaDB [(none)]>
What is this table " column_stats"???