Old-ish thread bit after chasing around here for a while with the same type of problem, my issue was fixed by deleting the mosquitto.db file and then restarting the service. It must have been corrupted by a power reset or something.
Look in /var/lib/mosquitto/ (or where your persistence_location is set to)
I had this problem too after rebooting the device for the first time after downloading Mosquitto and then trying to enable the service I get the following error and connection refused when trying to mosquitto_sub:
● mosquitto.service - Mosquitto MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mosquitto.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-05-16 00:06:07 CDT; 10min ago
Docs: man:mosquitto.conf(5)
man:mosquitto(8)
Main PID: 439 (code=exited, status=3)
I’ve discovered that this error is due to it the service not being started. so you must systemctl start mosquitto.service before you can enable.
its apear this is the problem,the file wasnt there in my case,i try to make the file and change ownership with
“chown mosquitto /var/log/mosquitto/mosquitto.log”