Thank you all for your responses! Using tips from both Burningstone and Coolie1101, I managed to create a presence detector. Or, well… Reveal at the bottom 
First, I created a binary sensor:
- platform: template
sensors:
...
bebo_in_da_house:
value_template: >-
{{ is_state('sensor.bebos_mobile_wifi_connection', 'da_house') }}
friendly_name: "Bebo in da house"
and restarted to verify that it appeared in the GUI.
Second, I cloned the https://github.com/pnbruckner/ha-composite-tracker repo, and symlinked the composite folder to the custom_components/composite - basically, like this:
cd /var/lib/hass/
install -d src custom_components
git clone https://github.com/pnbruckner/ha-composite-tracker.git src/ha-composite-tracker
cd custom_components
ln -s ../src/ha-composite-tracker/custom_components/composite
cd -
Third, I added this device tracker to my device trackers in configuration.yaml:
device_tracker:
...
- platform: composite
name: bebo_in_da_house
time_as: device_or_local
entity_id: binary_sensor.bebo_in_da_house
and restarted for good measure.
Fourth, I made sure that the device was tracked in known_devices.yaml:
bebo_in_da_house:
icon:
mac:
name: Bebo in da house
picture:
track: true
…and now I could use it for presence detection.
But, I forgot about timeouts. When I leave home, the mobile app can’t update the wifi connection - of course, and I knew that. What I missed is that there seems to be no timeout on the value, so the phone always looks connected. So back to the drawing board… Crap.