Are binary sensors realtime?

I have a binary sensor that checks whether a gpio pin is shorted, but the pin will only be shorted for 10 seconds at a time, is there a way to specify in the config that it should check at least every 5 seconds, or will it detect that the pin is shorted immediately?

Virtually immediately. The ESPHome main loop time is measured in microseconds.

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Actually, around 16 milliseconds: on_loop documentation.

What’s more relevant here is that inputs are interrrupt driven, which indeed makes the response time “virtually immediate”.

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