I guess you’re looking for some scheduler component. Unfortunately - there’s nothing built-in into HA. I was surprised as well as this seems a very basic thing in automation.
I requested a feature and if you’re looking for a native HA scheduler - please vote for it here:
Of course there are various ways to achieve this in HA, but you need to build it yourself or use some solutions like schedy. I like to have control over things from UI, so I built it using input boxes for every day for my thermostat control.
Looks like this:
I uploaded it to github: