How can I find what's going wrong?

Automations in my system where running without issue. I made a small tweak and am now seeing:

Automation is unavailable
Message malformed:  Unable to determine action @ data['action'][0]

on one of the automations. So, I dumped the entirety of my automations.yaml file into https://www.yamllint.com/ and it reported “Valid YAML!”.

What should I try doing to fix this issue?

I would start by undoing it.

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I did. In fact, when I tried to use the screen interface to modify the automation (previously, I had edited the .yaml directly), that failed with a similar error message:
Message malformed: Unable to determine action @ data['action'][0]

Figured it out: Someone had suggested that device_id not be used under action. I had removed this line and that is what caused the problem.

You need to replace it with service calls and entity ids instead of device actions. See: