$number() is a function that casts a string to a number. To recall a value of an entity you would use the entities variable $entities() So if the entity winter_day_temp is a number entity you would use
The functions you see there are NR native functions. Home assistant nodes have additional functions available that do not show in that list. The following functions are only available in HA nodes.
Was this number created in HA? If so it would be input_number. If it was created in NR, do you have the NR companion in hacs installed? Does the entity show in devtools → states?
You appear to be putting your JSONata code inside of quotes. This will return a string rather than actually executing the JSONata function to return the entity state value. Since HA is expecting a number value, not a string, it will complain.
Mikefila has already provide the code, but to reiterate
In the Action node
in the Data field
where you have J: option selected (this is for JSONata)
you need:
When entering JSONata code in Node-RED (see the J: expression options) you will have the JSONata editor to use. This has some JSONata standard functions available and a test-bed, but does not have access to the HA state auto-complete, so you have to work out the ‘number.winter_day_temp’ yourself. What you are seeing is the default Node-RED Monaco editor working in default JavaScript mode, so un-helpfully providing a list of JS functions available (which they are not since this is JSONata and not JavaScript). Yes, you would think that someone deliberately set out to make all of this as unhelpful as they possibly could
A seasonal message from the JSONata Appreciation Society:
Good will and peace to all, don’t overdo the festivities, and remember :-
JSONata is not Mustache templates, and it works in a different way.