Manually run a script with some input by pressing a button

Configuration
1

I have searched a lot and found a lot of examples, but haven’t regonized a complete beginners example and still struggle:
How would I input a string (in the Lovelace UI), run a shell script with that value as input parameter and optional display the output result? - My installation is docker based on ubuntu.
Do I need entities? Which?
Which card as input?
How to pass the input to the script?
Which card and how to trigger the run?
(Optionally) Which card to display the result?

my configuration.yaml:

shell_command:
  testmyscript: bash /config/myScript.sh

I have placed the script in docker-containers root-folder on my host which I have mapped to the config-folder in the container. Here the part of my docker-compose.yaml:

  homeassistant:
    container_name: home-assistant
    image: homeassistant/raspberrypi3-homeassistant:stable
    volumes:
      - /home/docker-volumes/homeassistant:/config

my automation.yaml:

- id: '1620048842570'
  alias: Fire myScript
  description: ''
  trigger:
  - platform: time
    at: '17:00'
  condition: []
  action:
  - service: shell_command.testmyscript
  mode: single

my myScript.sh:

#!/bin/bash

touch ./shell/Erfolg
pwd

Now I stuck. I can fire the automation, the file is created but where and how would I get the output from the pwd-command.

2

I would like to draw attention to this issue once again.

Where and how would I get the output from the script?