Once the drive fails, the data is corrupt. What is causing the corruption? It can’t be logged and the autopsy tools show the drive is okay. I am aware of the xy problem, thank you.
Data corruption can happen in many ways, I don’t quite see the reason for not exploring other possibilities, you have data to support that the drives are good. Underpowering your Pi can be one reason. Do you have the SSD connected directly or through a powered hub? (the latter is preferred).
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First “wipe” you Info/interpretation , as you don’t know if the Drive causes Corrupt data
The Corrupt Data might as mention, Cause the Disk To Fail( Well not the Disk, But the OS/Partition, what ever it is which are corrupted )
As gparted cording to you, can’t find a cause of an i.e OS corruption, and you can just create a new Partition, Have you by any chance checked before doing this whether you actually can access the Present Partions, This would excluded that it’s the Partition-Table as Corrupt ( Meaning the corruption is most likely on OS/Boot Level
Also you have not mentioned What you have installed ? For what it’s worth you can Run Container In Ubuntu, Or Supervised
PS: A Common cause of i.e partition-table/OS corruptions is “Unexpected system shut down due to i.e power surge etc.” It’s a Split-Seconds glitch etc.
Apropos this !, Sorry being “Picky” , How often did your get “corruptions” ( Disk-Failures, but not actually ) on your old desktop, every 6 month/Yearly ?
And You haven’t mention either whether if you had a Monitor.Keyboard attached when trying to reboot/start you PI, So in fact it sounds like you have No Idea, What happens when you turn your PI on
So you are basically initially asking for “shoot in the dark, suggestions”
With HA ?, How can you even ask such question ? , i would have understand whether you wondered HDD, SSD, SD
Doesn’t fit with
You need to resolve this first to know what your next step could be.
That’s great! So you understand buying a new drive doesn’t change a thing if you have corrupted data because of underpowering for example?
No monitor, no keyboard. This forum is as good as any other for asking questions, is it not? There were no power interruptions as far as i know.
I promise I won’t buy a thing.
Right, bye bye 
What are your findings from the troubleshoot guide @MaxK linkend for you?
And you might also want to check the firmware version (and known bugs) on you crucial ssd - if I remember they shipped already buggy firmware in the past that shreds data…
You missed the first part !
It’s sounds like he has no Idea whether/ Or what a disk is “crashed” means.
Running PI, waiting for HA to pop up in his phone/desktop browser … Sounds to me like " Huuh nothing happens, the Disk must have crashed "
What brand/product? Do you have a link of the ssd?
Asked multiple times already by multiple users. Only secret the OP revealed so far that it is a crucial brand SSD. No model or firmware, how it is connected to the pi (USB bridge)? How things are powered… What the smart data contains (the whole table) and so on…
Very difficult to provide serious help in such a case. By the looks for now it may has little (maybe nothing?) to do with SSD (XY problem)
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I buy the cheapest amazon has to offer usually and never had one fail. 3 of them are hanging on pi’s for the last couple of years, Others are in laptops and desktops. Probably 8 running hot at this second and a few more in laptops currently turned off. Something is not right.
It is recommended when using an SSD on a pi to have the SSD powered separately on it’s own USB hob to prevent power fluctuation from messing things up.
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If you were able to re-partition and reformat, then the drive is corrupted, not that the drive is dead. A dead SSD is completely unusable. So this is not a SSD problem, and no amount of replacing them is going to help you.
This sounds like software corruption, but that shouldn’t happen either.
You’re not cutting power instead of cleanly powering down or something like that, are you?
You do say you’ve checked the power supply, but I’d personally swap it out for something else as this is a classical or flaky RPI power issue.
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I would consider the Pi before the SSD.
Back in the Pi3 days, at least 1 out of 10 failed our bench tests. Pi4’s were better, but would still fail occasionally. Can’t speak to the Pi5.
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This is a known source of drive corruption so use a usb hub and a second supply just for the drive / hub.
Also you said a 3amp supply, I would have a 5 amp because a pi4 with a 3amp supply gives you no margin. If you are building some ESPHome firmware and pushing the CPU to 100%, things might break.