Ahh! Found your issue (at least one of them 
).
You have HA running in a ProxMox Container, when what you want is a Virtual Machine (VM). Proxmox supports both, and they each have their advantages and drawbacks. But for a system like HA, running under a VM is much easier - including specifically for passing through USB devices.
Did the instructions/guide you followed want you to set up a Container? If not, go back and redo this section to create a VM instead. If the guide did lead you to create a Container, I’d recommend a different guide. This one is excellent: Installing Home Assistant OS using Proxmox 8
Note that if you’ve invested meaningful effort in your HA (Container version), you can make a backup and store it elsewhere (Google, Nabu Casa, etc.), then restore that once you’ve got HA successfully created within a VM. Or, if you’ve not done much with HA so far, you can just start again in the new environment once its created.