I would say that sensors get values or events from their environment and report them to home-assistant. Binary sensors can only report two events: “on” and “off”, whereas general-purpose sensors can report discrete values (temperature, humidity, etc.)
Switches are like binary sensors because they can only be “on” or “off” and they also can report their state to home-assistant. However, I see binary sensors as “read-only” (home-assistant can receive their values but cannot physically switch the devices on or off), whereas switches are read/write (you can switch a device on or off from home-assistant).
From your configuration, I’d say your “woonkamer_sensor” is a binary sensor.
I hope I could help you (very late, sorry).