You haven’t provided too much information in your post, but after you mount the cifs share on your host, you need to start your docker container with the volume mapping (-v HOSTVOL:CONTAINERVOL)
Docker config and container config should not need any escalations to do this.
Apologies, but it looks as though you’re having problems at too basic of a level for me to diagnose or help. For example, if you mount the directory when running with -v /share/volumes/smb:/share, you will be able to access the folder in the container as /share. If you cannot, then you’re running into a configuration/permissions issue on your host mount or container configuration.