Basically turning your topic subject into code:
# Filtered OpenUV sensor
- platform: template
sensors:
current_uv_index_filtered:
friendly_name: "Open UV sensor filtered"
value_template: >-
{% if is_state('sensor.current_uv_index', 'unknown') %}
{{ states('sensor.current_uv_index_filtered') }}
{% else %}
{{ states('sensor.current_uv_index') }}
{% endif %}
This will retain the prior value for a potentially-unlimited amount of time if your source sensor goes down, so it might be worth setting up an automation to alert you if it’s unknown for too long.