Mmm yeh strange, then it is for sure a linux related problem.
In the guide you described, i see something about important guidelines to prepare your Dabian 10 right.
Supported Operating System, System dependencies and versions
Docker CE (Community Edition) is the only supported containerization method for Home Assistant Supervised. We only support FHS 3.0 on the host file system.
- Docker CE >= 19.03
- Systemd >= 239
- NetworkManager >= 1.14.6
- AppArmor == 2.13.x (built into the kernel)
- Debian Linux Debian 10 aka Buster (no derivatives)
Perhaps you can check these packages, especially the networkManager
I don’t think i can help you with networking packages in linux itself. Hope you find your awnser