Upon reading it the slimmelezer creates a service called set_dsmr_key. Try using that in the services tab inside developer options. It should look somewhat like this:
For future reference, once you have added ESPHome Service to Home Assistant, you have to go to Developers Tools and look in the Tab Services for the Service named “ESPHome: smart_meter_set_dsmr_key”.
Add your private_key below and click on Call Service.