If you have not done so already, try deleting the integration for the device in question on the Integrations page. Then restart HA and re-add/reconfigure the device in the integrations page. I have had this happen to a few ESPHome devices since the 2022.11 release, the latest just a couple days ago. When checking the logs via USB they showed repeated api connection issues.
I was going to suggest the same thing as that’s a common issue. Do you have any other typws of sensors or switches on that device that do show up? If all of your sensors are modbus, try creating a test switch or binary sensor. This won’t fix the problem but it will help narrow down if it’s specific to the modbus sensors or there’s some other issue blocking the communication. If a test gpio switch or whatever works then we know it’s communicating properly.
I have a lots of sensors on the same modbus that show up normally. It’s either caused by binary sensors, or by device_class: problem.
I tried without device class, still does not work.
are the modbus values you are expecting supposed to be ON/OFF? or are you trying to get some other value? binary sensor is ON or OFF only, your not going to get any integers or floating point data from a binary sensor.