I was browsing through the list of available official HA integrations when
I came across the SQL integration. Could this be what you’re looking for?
I haven’t tried it myself (yet), but it seems it lets one create sensors based on SQL Queries. Not just for MySQL databases but for other DB engines as well.
With sensors you should be able to display the retrieved values in Lovelace without a user having to press a button etc.
You will still need a query per entity I guess.
Forum thread that discusses how to handle query updates.