The library seems really old, last update was 3 years back. Probably would be best to start a new one, but you could use that one as a starting place for how to create yours.
The way most of the components work in HA is during setup they call out to whatever library it is using passing it username and password or whatever, and then it stores all of the device information inside a library object. Then home assistant would ask that library for the store device information in the libraries object (in memory) the only time an API call (I/O operation) should be run is during the update method. Since this happens during the creation of the platform once it is added to HA it will have up-to-date info (you wont have to wait 60 for the first update)
What all features are supported by the InComfort device? You will need to make sure supported_features is returning the correct information it should be the sum of all supported features which is located here https://github.com/home-assistant/home-assistant/blob/355005114b3315694e3a9654249d4a1998d76fcd/homeassistant/components/climate/init.py#L52
Anything showing as Unknown would do so because you are returning None from, for example current_temperature. I assume that means self.data is None.
To force an update immediately after you made a change so you don’t have to wait 60 seconds for the next poll you can call self.schedule_update_ha_state(True) which should force a call to update.
Is this room_temp_set_1_lsb unique to your setup? Like a name? If so, can it not be pulled from some generic endpoint? If not, it would probably be best to make that a config entry option so other users can pass it in via their config.