I am also getting this error message. I am running HA Supervised under Debian 12.
This error first showed up as I was upgrading from Samba 10 to 11 while I was running HA 2023.10.5. I then upgraded to HA 2023.11.2 and tried to upgrade the Samba to v11 and see the same error.
I restarted HA and even rebooted the server but I was still unsuccessful updating the add-on.
Finally I just removed the add-on in HA and deleted the “/usr/share/hassio/addons/data/core_samba/” directory followed by a restart of HA. I was then able to re-install the add-on successfully.