And if you restart the VM ?
Is it possible that this is due to the provider? I just tried to ping 1.1.1.1 and 8.8.8.8 through the Windows 10 PowerShell console, the ping does not work (message packets sent 4 received 0 lost 4)
So you can reach home-assistant.io
One more thing to try:
ha jobs options --ignore-conditions internet_host
Try this again, but replace 1.1.1.1 with a DNS server you can ping
ha dns options --servers dns://1.1.1.1
ha dns restart